The Handbook of Greek Coinage series is comprised of 13 handbooks:
The Handbook of Coins of Sicily is the sixth volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the east and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by this handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signaled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus.
This volume deals with all civic and royal coinages produced in Sicily and the neighboring Liparaian Islands, as well as the several Siculo-Punic and Romano- Sicilian series struck in Sicily. The early Roman Republican series struck on the island are also included because of the important role of the denarius and Roman bronze denominations in the early decline of locally produced coinage and the absorption of Sicily into the Roman monetary system.
Readers should be warned that chronologies of some series, particularly in the later Hellenistic period, remain controversial in the absence of solid dating evidence and the persistence of certain dogmatic theories. No doubt the situation will greatly improve with the much-anticipated publication of Historia Numorum: Sicily and the Adjacent Islands and Suzanne Frey-Kupper’s Die Fundmünzen vom Monte Iato (1971–1991). Ein Beitrag zur Geldgeschichte Westsiziliens. However, in the meantime, it is important to bear in mind that some of the dates given here for particular series are subject to change. It is also important to point out that despite the many flaws in Romolo Calciati’s Corpus Nummorum Siculorum (1983), it still remains one of the most accessible catalogues of the entire bronze coinage of Sicily for English readers. For this reason, CNS numbers have generally been used throughout as references for the bronze issues, although in many cases the dating and in some cases the attributions have been modified.
True to the concept of preceding Handbooks, the present volume is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of the coins struck by cities and kings in northern and central Anatolia. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be from a particular region and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalogue sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogues. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the coins listed in the catalogue. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalogue. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Coins of Sicily will serve as a useful aid in the continuing efforts to understand and interpret the complex numismatic history of the island.
A rarity guide developed by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are normally given throughout the catalogue in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Akragas rather than Agrigentum, Hieronymos rather than Hieronymus, etc.) except for Roman names or names that have long-established Latin forms in English (i.e., Campanians rather than Kampanians, etc.). Carthaginian personal names are generally given in their Latin, rather than their Greek forms (i.e., Himilco rather than Himilkon, etc.), although the Greek term, Libya (not to be confused with the modern nation state of the same name), has been preferred to refer to the area of North Africa in which Carthage was situated.
This handbook has benefitted from the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I am particularly grateful to Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, Andrew Meadows, Elizabeth Hahn, and the American Numismatic Society for providing numerous scans of difficult to access materials from the Society’s library; to François de Callataÿ, Joahan van Heesch, and the Bibliothèque royale de Belgique for providing images of important Naxian and Syracusan coins in the library’s collection (cat. nos. 983 and 1343; to John Morcom for permitting the use of images from SNG Morcom; and to Andrew McCabe for providing images of Roman Republican bronzes in his personal collection (cat. nos. 1713–1716 and 1727).
Thanks are due to Christof Boehringer, François de Callataÿ, Wolfgang Fischer- Bossert, Suzanne Frey-Kupper, Arthur Houghton, John and Mary Lavender, Catharine Lorber, Andrew McCabe, Andrew Meadows, Brad Nelson, Keith Rutter, John Morcom, Clive Stannard, D. Scott VanHorn, Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, Rick Witschonke, and Daniel Wolf for providing information and commenting on parts of the early manuscript; to Mary N. Lannin and Daniel L. Koppersmith for proofreading the text; and to Travis A. Markel, of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., for overseeing production of this volume. Nevertheless, any errors that remain are the sole responsibility of the author.
Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to thank my wife Alpina for her constant love and Job-like patience, without which this book and so much else would not have been possible.
This volume is dedicated to the memory of Silvia Mani Hurter (1933–2009), a friend to countless numismatists and the much-missed keeper of Segesta’s kennel.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
July, 2012
The Handbook of Coins of the Peloponnesos is the fourth volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the east and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by this handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signalled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus.
This volume deals with all coinages produced in the Peloponnesian peninsula of mainland Greece. Size considerations and the traditional numismatic distinction of the Isthmus of Corinth from the Peloponnesos proper have led to the omission of the issues of Megara, Pagai, and Corinth from the present Handbook. They will be cataloged in a future volume on northern and central Greece. The coins produced on the islands of Ithaka, Kephallenia, and Zakynthos (often listed alongside Elis) are already treated in the Handbook of Coins of the Islands.
True to the concept of preceding Handbooks, the present volume is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of the coins struck by cities and federal states in the Peloponnesos. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be from a particular region and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalog sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogs. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the 1,092 coins listed in the catalog. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalog. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Coins of the Peloponnesos will serve as a point of departure for deepening interest in the coins of southern Greece.
A rarity guide developed by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are normally given throughout the catalog in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Phleious rather than Phlious, Achaia rather than Achaea, etc.) except for non- Greek names or names that have long-established Latin forms in English (i.e., Corinth, Macedon, Athens, etc.). The latter retain their Latin forms here.
This handbook has benefitted from the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I am particularly grateful to Ute Wartenberg-Kagan and Elena Stolyarik for images of coins in the collection of the American Numismatic Society (cat. nos. 110, 606, 773, 968, and 1090–1092); to Richard Ashton and the Royal Numismatic Society for permission to reproduce images from Jennifer Warren’s The Bronze Coinage of the Achaian Koinon (London, 2007); to Theodore Buttrey and Eimear Reilly for the image of the Tegea stater (cat. no. 1043); and to Andrew McCabe for permission to use images of Mark Antony’s ‘legionary’ coinage found on his website (http://andrewmccabe.ancients.info/). The vast majority of the images used in this volume come from the impressive BCD collection of Peloponnesian coins sold in parts by Leu/LHS Numismatics in 2004 and 2006 and Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. in 2009.
Thanks are due to Richard Ashton, Basil Demetriadi, Catherine Grandjean, Arthur Houghton, John Lavender, Catharine Lorber, Andrew McCabe, Andrew Meadows, Brad Nelson, John Kroll, Dick Schaefer, Elena Stolyarik, Alan Walker, Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, and Rick Witschonke for providing information and commenting on parts of the early manuscript; and to Travis A. Markel, of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., for overseeing production of this volume. Nevertheless, any errors that remain are the sole responsibility of the author.
Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to thank my wife Alpina for her constant love and Job-like patience, without which this book and so much else would not have been possible.
This volume is dedicated to BCD and collectors like him, whose passion for the coins and generosity with the information gleaned from their acquisitions nourish the ancient numismatic community as a whole.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
February, 2011
The Handbook of Coins of the Islands (excluding Crete and Cyprus) is the third volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the east and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by this handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signalled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus.
Traditionally, treatments of Greek island coinages have been broken up according to the regions of the mainland to which they are in closest proximity. Hence, islands like Kephallenia and Zakynthos usually appear in catalogs of Peloponnesian coins, Skyros and Peparethos in catalogs of Thessalian coins, Chios and Samos in catalogs of Ionian coins, etc. For this reason, when numismatists speak of “the islands” in isolation, they generally refer to those of the Cyclades/Sporades group, which are not closely related to any regions of the mainland. However, because many of the islands are linked by a shared culture and history, often differing in aspects from that of the mainland, it has been decided to include virtually all island coinages together in the Handbook of Coins of the Islands (excluding Crete and Cyprus). There is only a handful of islands that are not covered here. Leukas, Kythera, and Salamis are omitted because of their political integration into the mainland states of the Akarnanian League, Sparta, and Athens, respectively. These islands will be treated separately alongside these states. Euboia has been left out because of its extremely close proximity to the mainland, while Crete and Cyprus properly belong to the Mediterranean Sea. They will be treated separately in the volume on Egypt and North Africa, as they were closely connected to these regions in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods.
True to the concept of preceding handbooks in this series, the present volume is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of the coins struck by cities and larger states situated on islands of the Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian Seas. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be from a particular region and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalog sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogs. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the 1,482 coins listed in the catalog. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalog. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Coins of the Islands (excluding Crete and Cyprus) will serve as a point of departure for deepening interest in the often obscure and frequently understudied coinages of the islands.
A rarity guide developed by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are generally given throughout the catalog in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Karpathos rather than Carpathus, Aigina rather than Aegina, etc.), except for non-Greek names or names that have long-established Latin forms in English (i.e., Samothrace, Rhodes, Crete, etc.). The latter retain their Latin forms here.
This handbook has benefitted from the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I am particularly grateful to Michel Amandry and Fréderique Duyrat for providing images from the collection of the Bibliotheque Nationale de France (nos. 599 and 825); Joe Cribb, Vesta Curtis, and Amelia Dowler for permitting me to photograph numerous coins of the Cyclades/Sporades in the collection of the British Museum and to the Royal Numismatic Society for its financial assistance during my visit to the BM; to Henry Kim, Chris Howgego, and Volker Heuchert for images of coins in the Ashmolean Museum (nos. 1162, 1277, 1279, and 1399); to Ute Wartenberg-Kagan and Elena Stolyarik for images of coins in the collection of the American Numismatic Society (nos. 458, 1162, and 1354); Bernhard Weisser and Karsten Dahmen for images of coins in the collection of the Münzkabinett der Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (nos. 314, 397, and 777); and to Richard Ashton, Jonathan Kagan, and Rick Witschonke for images of coins in their personal collections.
Thanks are also due to Michel Amandry, Richard Ashton, Maija Bonačić Mandinić, Theodore Buttrey, Basil Demetriadi, Fréderique Duyrat, Elizabeth Hahn, Constantine Lagos, John and Mary Lavender, Catharine Lorber, Eric McFadden, Andrew Meadows, Jonathan Kagan, Philip Kinns, John Kroll, Katerini Liampi, Charikleia Papageorgiadou, David Sear, Kenneth Sheedy, Elena Stolyarik, John Tully, Peter van Alfen, D. Scott VanHorn, Paolo Visonà, Alan Walker, Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, and Rick Witschonke for providing information, commenting on parts of the early manuscript, and/or giving permission for the use of images; and to Travis A. Markel, of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., for overseeing production of this volume. Nevertheless, any errors that remain are the sole responsibility of the author.
This volume is dedicated to my wife Alpina, who loves to relax on island beaches, yet rarely seems to find herself on one. Without her constant love and Job-like patience this book and so much else would not have been possible.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
November, 2010
The Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Anatolia is the fifth volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the east and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by this handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signalled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus.
This volume deals with all civic and royal coinages produced in the northern and central regions of Anatolia (roughly equivalent to the territorial boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey). The Greek term, Anatolia, has been preferred to the Latin term, Asia Minor, in order to easily distinguish between the region as a whole and the Roman province of Asia, which was established in 133 BC. In the period covered by this Handbook, Roman Asia included various parts of Anatolia at different times, but never the entire region. The coins struck along the northeastern shores of the Euxine (Black) Sea are also included in this volume because of their close connection to the coinages of northern Anatolia.
Readers should be warned that the chronologies of cistophoric silver coinage of the Attalid kingdom and the bronze city coinages of the Mithradatic period described in this Handbook remain controversial. For this reason, the high (c. 190 BC) and low (c. 166 BC) potential dates of introduction for the cistophoroi are both given in the catalog. Likewise, the traditional dating periods (going down to c. 63 BC) used by Frederich Imhoof-Blumer have been provided alongside the revised dating periods of François de Callataÿ (ending in c. 85 BC). The regnal attributions of the Kappadokian kings here generally follow the arrangement of Otto Mørkholm with some modifications by Callataÿ, rather than that of Bono Simonetta. Nevertheless, the convenience of Simonetta’s catalog numbers have been retained because of their convenience.
True to the concept of preceding Handbooks, the present volume is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of the coins struck by cities and kings in northern and central Anatolia. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be from a particular region and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalog sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogs. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the coins listed in the catalog. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalog. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Anatolia will serve as a point of departure for deepening interest in the coins of Anatolia.
A rarity guide developed by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are normally given throughout the catalog in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Laodikeia rather than Laodicea, Mithradates rather than Mithridates, etc.) except for Roman names or names that have long-established Latin forms in English (i.e., Caesarea, etc.). The latter retain their Latin forms here.
This handbook has benefitted from the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I am particularly grateful to Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, Elena Stolyarik, and Sylvia Karges for images of coins in the collection of the American Numismatic Society (cat. nos. 192, 223, 262, 339, 341, 677, 728–729, and 732–733); to Frédérique Duyrat for images of coins in the collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (cat. nos. 641 and 775); to Ian Carradice of the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Project, Amelia Dowler of the British Museum, and William Stancomb for permitting the use of images from SNG Black Sea and SNG Stancomb; to Chris Lightfoot for providing the pre-publication version of Amorium Reports 4: The Amorium Mint and the Coin Finds; to François de Callataÿ for providing images from his survey study of the royal coinages of Pontos and offering information on unpublished varieties of Pontic and Paphlagonian city coinages under Mithradates VI; to William Metcalf for sharing the catalog of his forthcoming study of The Proconsular Cistophori and permitting the use of some of its images; and to Rick Witschonke for providing images of Apamean and Laodikean proconsular cistophoroi in his personal collection (cat. nos. 660, 662, and 730).
Thanks are due to Richard Ashton, Karsten Dahmen, François de Callataÿ, Frédérique Duyrat, John Lavender, David MacDonald, Andrew Meadows, Brad Nelson, Elena Stolyarik, D. Scott VanHorn, Ute Wartenberg-Kagan, Bernhard Weisser, and Rick Witschonke for providing information and commenting on parts of the early manuscript; to Daniel L. Koppersmith for proofreading the text; and to Travis A. Markel, of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., for overseeing production of this volume. Nevertheless, any errors that remain are the sole responsibility of the author.
Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to thank my wife Alpina for her constant love and Job-like patience, without which this book and so much else would not have been possible.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
June, 2011
The Handbook of Syrian Coins represents the first volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the west and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by the handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signalled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus. However, as no coinage was produced in Syria before the fourth century BC, and the logical terminal points for several of the Syrian civic series fall somewhat later than 31 BC, the period of interest is slightly modified in the present handbook.
Although the geographical extent of Syria (with Koile Syria) varied at different times, for the purposes of the present work the region is delimited in the north and the west by the Amanos and Lebanon mountain ranges. The former separates the region from Kilikia and the latter from the Phoenician coast. The Euphrates River provides the eastern border with Babylonia and Mesopotamia, while the Anti-Lebanon range roughly represents the southern limit of Syria.
The idea for the Handbook of Syrian Coins grew out of a passing conversation between my longtime friend and numismatic colleague, Arthur Houghton and myself in January of 2002, just after Seleucid Coins, Part 1 had appeared in print. At the time, we thought that it might be useful if the contents of Seleucid Coins were distilled into a simple catalogue form. Such a catalogue might be a valuable tool for both collectors and academics (particularly archaeologists in the field) concerned with coin identification. Later, this idea piqued the interest of Victor England, who suggested that not only the royal Seleukid issues but also the civic coins of Syria should be included, particularly since many of the latter are underrepresented in museum and sale catalogues. Thus the basis for the Handbook of Syrian Coins was formed.
True to the original concept, the present handbook is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of Seleukid and Syrian civic coins. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be Seleukid or civic and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalogue sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogues. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the 1,460 coins listed in the catalogue. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalogue. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Syrian Coins will serve as a point of departure for deepening interest in the coinage of the Seleukid kings and the Syrian cities.
A rarity guide developed and introduced here by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are normally given throughout the catalogue in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Seleukos rather than Seleucus, Laodikeia rather than Laodicea, etc.) except for non-Greek ethnic and dynastic names (i.e., Ituraeans and Hasmonaeans), which retain their Latin forms.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
May, 2008
The Handbook of Coins of the Southern Levant represents the second volume to be published in a larger series of handbooks that will ultimately cover the coins produced throughout the world known to the Greeks—from Celtic Britain in the west to the borders of India in the east and from Armenia in the north to Egypt in the south. The time period covered by this handbook series begins with the Lydian invention of electrum coinage in the late-seventh century BC and ends with the battle of Actium in 31 BC, which signalled the end of the last Hellenistic kingdom and heralded the establishment of the Roman Empire of Augustus. However, as no coinage was produced in the southern Levant before the Phoenician issues of the fifth century BC, and the logical terminal points for several of the Phoenician and southern Koile Syrian civic series fall somewhat later than 31 BC, the period of interest is slightly modified in the present handbook.
For the purposes of the Handbook of Coins of the Southern Levant, the region consists of the Phoenician coast, delimited in the north by the Eleutheros River and in the east by the Lebanon Mountains and southern Koile Syria, bounded in the north by the Asamon Mountains of Galilee, and in the east and south by the Syrian and Negev Deserts, respectively. The Galilean and Samarian districts of Koile Syria border Phoenicia to the west, while Judaea and Idumaea were connected to the Mediterranean through Philistia. Northern Koile Syria, consisting of Damaskos and the Massyas Plain, was treated in the Handbook of Syrian Coins because of the region’s closer political and ethnic connections to Syria proper. Arabia here refers to the entirety of the Arabian peninsula.
True to the original concept of the preceding Handbook of Syrian Coins, the present volume is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively painless identification of the royal and civic coins of Phoenicia, Koile Syria, and Arabia. If one has some idea whether a coin-in-hand is likely to be from a particular region and can identify the metal, it is possible to search the catalog sections by size and weight module in order to find the coin type, rather than wading through a list of types in chronological order, as in most catalogs. Even without knowing any details of weight, size, or metal, the handbook makes accurate identification possible by providing illustrations of almost all of the 734 coins listed in the catalog. Every entry also provides references to major works so that interested parties can seek out fuller discussion of the coins in the catalog. It is hoped that when placed in the hands of collectors and scholars—historically natural friends and allies in the advancement of the discipline of ancient numismatics—the Handbook of Coins of the Southern Levant will serve as a point of departure for deepening interest in the coinage of the region.
A rarity guide developed by Arthur Houghton features a dual system for determining the rarity of precious and base metal coins.
In keeping with modern scholarly practice, Greek names are normally given throughout the catalog in their Hellenized, rather than their Latin forms (i.e., Berytos rather than Berytus, Hyrkanos rather than Hyrcanus, etc.) except for non- Greek names or names that have long-established Latin forms in English (i.e., Nabataeans, Hasmonaeans, Maccabaeus, etc.). The latter retain their Latin forms here.
This handbook has benefitted from the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I am particularly grateful to Michel Amandry, Andrew Burnett, and Pere Pau Ripollès for permission to reproduce images from Roman Provincial Coinage, volume 1; Rachel Barkay for permission to use images from The Coinage of Nysa-Scythopolis (Beth-Shean) and several Nabataean articles; Fréderique Duyrat, for permission to use the images for Arados and its peraia published in Arados hellénistique and Les monnayages syriens; Joe Cribb, Vesta Curtis, and Amelia Dowler for images of coins in the collection of the British Museum obtained thanks to a grant from the Royal Numismatic Society; Josette Elayi for permission to use images of Achaemenid Persian period Phoenician coins from Le monnayage de la cité phénnicienne de Sidon à l’époque perse and numerous articles; Haim Gitler and Oren Tal for permission to use images from The Coinage of Philistia in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC as well as images of coins in the collection of the Israel Museum; David Hendin for various images used throughout the catalog; Martin Huth for images in the south Arabian sections; Ziad Sawaya for images of the civic coins of Berytos; Abraham Sofaer for images used to illustrate the civic coins of Gaza and Askalon; and Bernhard Weisser and Karsten Dahmen for images of rare coins of Ake-Ptolemaïs and Tyre (nos. 7 and 342) in the collection of the Münzkabinett der Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.
Thanks are also due to Donald Ariel, Rachel Barkay, Fréderique Duyrat, Josette Elayi, Haim Gitler, David Hendin, Arthur Houghton, Alla Kushnir-Stein, Catharine Lorber, Ziad Sawaya, Danny Syon, Peter van Alfen, D. Scott VanHorn, and Petr Veselý for reading parts of the early manuscript and offering comments on various aspects of the catalog and rarity scales, and to Travis A. Markel, of Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., for overseeing production of this volume. Nevertheless, any errors that remain are the sole responsibility of the author.
Lastly, but most importantly, I would like to thank my wife Alpina for her constant love and Job-like patience, without which this book and so much else would not have been possible.
The Handbook of Coins of the Southern Levant is dedicated to the memory of Ya’akov Meshorer (1935–2004), whose work on various aspects of the region’s coinage fueled my initial interest in ancient numismatics.
Oliver D. Hoover
Burlington, Ontario
December, 2009